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THE CITIZENSHIP DESK

Indonesia

IDN

Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago nation and the fourth most populous country on Earth, a sprawling mosaic of over 17,000 islands, hundreds of ethnic groups, and one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. Bali has become one of the world's most recognised digital nomad and lifestyle destinations, drawing a large international community attracted by the island's spiritual culture, natural beauty, and affordable living. The country launched its Golden Visa programme in 2024 to attract high-net-worth individuals and investors with long-stay rights, signalling a new openness to international talent and capital.

→ If you hold a Indonesia passport, see the Indonesia nationality guide

Passport Rank

#68

Visa-Free

74

destinations

Country Details

Capital
Jakarta
Currency
Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)
Languages
Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia)
Population
277,000,000
Tax System
Residence Based
Dual Citizenship
Not allowed
Naturalisation
5 years
Schengen / EU
No
Climate
Tropical
English Proficiency Rank
#81

Indices

Cost of Living

29

Safety

52

Healthcare

54

Quality of Life

132

Tax Summary

Tax System
Residence Based
Territorial Taxation
No — worldwide income taxed for residents
Naturalisation
5 years of legal residency
Dual Citizenship
Not allowed

Cost of Living by City

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Monthly cost of living per major city in USD: rent, groceries, utilities, transit pass
CityRent 1BR centreRent outsideGroceriesUtilitiesTransit pass
Jakarta$620$380$250$65$18
Bali (Denpasar)$550$320$230$60Free

Monthly USD figures. Typical central 1-bedroom rent, grocery basket for one, household utilities, monthly transit pass.

Climate

Jakarta

27°J
27°F
28°M
29°A
29°M
29°J
28°J
28°A
28°S
28°O
28°N
27°D

Rainfall range: 40355 mm/month · Daylight 12h (winter) to 12h (summer)

Bali (Denpasar)

27°J
27°F
28°M
28°A
28°M
27°J
26°J
27°A
27°S
28°O
28°N
27°D

Rainfall range: 18305 mm/month · Daylight 12h (winter) to 12h (summer)

Naturalisation Details

Residence Years
5
Language Test
Yes (Bahasa Indonesia proficiency required — formal written and spoken test)
Civic Test
Yes
Oath Required
Yes
Dual Allowed
No
Fee
$150
Processing
~24 months

Real Estate

Avg price/sqm (capital)
$2,200
Transaction taxes
5%

Foreign buyers: Foreign nationals are prohibited from owning freehold (Hak Milik) land or property in Indonesia. Foreigners may hold Hak Pakai (right of use, 30 years + 20 + 30 year renewals) for residential property above a minimum value threshold (IDR 5 billion in Jakarta). Nominee arrangements using Indonesian citizens are legally risky and formally prohibited. Jakarta CBD condominiums IDR 25,000,000-45,000,000/sqm ($1,600-3,000). Bali's new KITAS-holder property regulations allow some direct ownership of strata-title units. No dual nationality complicates long-term ownership strategies.

International Schools

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International schools by city, curriculum, and annual tuition
SchoolCityCurriculumTuition (USD/yr)
Jakarta Intercultural SchoolJakartaUS + IB$18,000–$32,000

Daily Life Logistics

Internet

60 Mbps median

40% fibre coverage

eSIM: Telkomsel, Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison, XL Axiata, Smartfren

Driving

IDP required

Local licence required after 12 months

Exchange eligible: Drives on the LEFT. IDP valid for foreign visitors. Expatriate residents must obtain Indonesian SIM (Surat Izin Mengemudi) from local police authority. No bilateral exchange agreements; local test required. International driving in Bali popular but enforcement of licence requirements is inconsistent.

Pet Relocation

Quarantine: 14 days

Rabies titre required

EU pet passport: not accepted

Safety

GPI Rank

#46

Global Peace Index ranking (lower is safer)

Common Risks

  • taxi overcharging in Bali from airport without apps — use Bluebird or Grab
  • "money changer" rate-switching scams in Kuta and Seminyak (Bali)
  • temple entry scam requiring unnecessary sarong rental fees
  • motorbike rental damage extortion schemes targeting tourists in Bali

Examples of areas to avoid: Glodok (Jakarta Chinatown) late at night, Pasar Baru area in central Jakarta after dark, Kuta (Bali) nightlife strip at peak hours — petty theft risk

LGBTQ+ Legal Status

Same-Sex Marriage
Not legal
Civil Partnerships
Not recognised
Anti-Discrimination Law
No
ILGA Rank
#135

Religious Life

Halal Food
Widely available
Kosher Food
Limited
Prayer Facilities
Common

Sample Citizenship Test Questions

Q1. Indonesia's national ideology and philosophical foundation, comprising five principles, is known by what name?

Answer: Pancasila

Source: Directorate General of Immigration — Indonesian Citizenship

Q2. In which year did Indonesia declare independence from Dutch colonial rule?

Answer: 1945

Source: Directorate General of Immigration — Indonesian Citizenship

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