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THE CITIZENSHIP DESK

Japan

JPN

Japan holds the world's most powerful passport, granting visa-free access to 194 destinations. The country offers exceptional safety, healthcare, and quality of life, though naturalisation requires renouncing other citizenships, making it less suitable for those seeking dual nationality.

→ If you hold a Japan passport, see the Japan nationality guide

Passport Rank

#1

Visa-Free

194

destinations

Country Details

Capital
Tokyo
Currency
Japanese Yen (JPY)
Languages
Japanese
Population
125,700,000
Tax System
Residence Based
Dual Citizenship
Not allowed
Naturalisation
5 years
Schengen / EU
No
Climate
Temperate / Subtropical
English Proficiency Rank
#87

Indices

Cost of Living

69

Safety

87

Healthcare

86

Quality of Life

193

Tax Summary

Tax System
Residence Based
Territorial Taxation
No — worldwide income taxed for residents
Naturalisation
5 years of legal residency
Dual Citizenship
Not allowed

Cost of Living by City

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Monthly cost of living per major city in USD: rent, groceries, utilities, transit pass
CityRent 1BR centreRent outsideGroceriesUtilitiesTransit pass
Tokyo$1,400$900$420$200$110
Osaka$900$650$380$180$95

Monthly USD figures. Typical central 1-bedroom rent, grocery basket for one, household utilities, monthly transit pass.

Climate

Tokyo

5°J
6°F
10°M
15°A
19°M
23°J
27°J
28°A
24°S
19°O
13°N
8°D

Rainfall range: 51210 mm/month · Daylight 10h (winter) to 14h (summer)

Naturalisation Details

Residence Years
5
Language Test
Yes (Japanese (written + spoken basic))
Civic Test
No
Oath Required
Yes
Dual Allowed
No
Fee
$0
Processing
~12 months

Real Estate

Avg price/sqm (capital)
$17,000
Transaction taxes
6%

Foreign buyers: No foreign-ownership restrictions. Freehold available. Tokyo 23-wards average JPY 1.2M/sqm (~USD 8,000); central prime JPY 2.5M/sqm (~USD 17,000). Acquisition tax (real-estate acquisition tax) ~3% + registration + stamp duty; annual fixed-asset tax 1.4%.

International Schools

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International schools by city, curriculum, and annual tuition
SchoolCityCurriculumTuition (USD/yr)
American School in JapanTokyoUS + AP$28,000–$37,000
St Mary's International SchoolTokyoIB$25,000–$35,000

Daily Life Logistics

Internet

350 Mbps median

98% fibre coverage

eSIM: NTT Docomo, SoftBank, au KDDI, Rakuten Mobile

Driving

IDP required

Local licence required after 12 months

Exchange eligible: Most OECD countries with reciprocity + translation via JAF

Pet Relocation

Quarantine: 180 days

Rabies titre required

EU pet passport: not accepted

Safety

GPI Rank

#9

Global Peace Index ranking (lower is safer)

Common Risks

  • taxi overcharging tourists from Narita
  • izakaya bait-and-switch in Shinjuku Kabukicho
  • romance scams on dating apps targeting foreign residents

Examples of areas to avoid: Kabukicho side streets late night, Airin-chiku in Osaka

LGBTQ+ Legal Status

Same-Sex Marriage
Not legal
Civil Partnerships
Recognised
Anti-Discrimination Law
No
ILGA Rank
#40

Religious Life

Halal Food
Limited
Kosher Food
Limited
Prayer Facilities
Limited

Sample Citizenship Test Questions

Q1. What is the name of the Japanese Emperor as of 2025?

Answer: Naruhito

Source: Ministry of Justice Japan

Q2. In which year did the current Japanese Constitution come into effect?

Answer: 1947

Source: Ministry of Justice Japan

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